Hamlet Tagic Hero or Insane Madman Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlet: Tagic Hero or Insane Madman Teacher Owens English 2410 11 April 2014 Hamlet: Tragic Hero or Insane Madman William Shakespeares Hamlet is a confused and captivating play. Hamlet has get back to Denmark to grieve the passing of his dad, who he profoundly respected. Upon his appearance he discovers his kin in festivity and party, since his uncle, who had accepted his dads seat, had additionally hitched Hamlets mother. Slightness, thy name is lady!/A little month, ere those shoes were old/With which she followed my poor dads body,/Like Niobe, all tears:- - why she, even she,,/O God!......She wedded. O, most devilish speed, to post/With such adroitness to perverted sheets!/It isn't, nor it can't come to great:/But break, my heart, for I should hold my tongue (1.2.146-159)! Hamlet appeared to be acting in like manner with the circumstance. While every other person commended, he offered approach to grieving his late dad. After the gathering has finished, Horatio, a companion of Hamlets takes me to see a phantom. Others have seen this nebulous vision, a few watchmen and Horatio himself have laid eyes upon it. The gatekeepers and Horatio take Hamlet to the stage where the phantom, was last sited. The apparition, who was a dream of his dad, appeared to Hamlet and let him know of his homicide on account of his sibling, Claudius. He requests that Hamlet save the sovereign and leave her to paradise (1.5.86). He advised Hamlet to slaughter Claudius and vindicate his homicide. This makes way for the Hamlets plummet into frenzy, or did he truly go frantic? Hamlet had been away for quite a while at school where he was preparing in theory and different investigations which would permit him to accept his dads seat. He was preparing to be a legislator not a killer. Hamlet is a smart and sensible individual. He is torn with respect to what to do in this circumstance and given his experience and his preparation, he begins attempting to demonstrate Claudius is liable, to mollify his still, small voice. Two school amigos stay with Hamlet at the lord and sovereigns demand. They are long-lasting companions of Hamlet and have come to remove him before he raises any more ruckus. Hamlet is sharp to their ramblings with regards to why they are there. They question Hamlet with regards to his frenzy, to which Hamlet answers I am frantic north-north-west: when the breeze is southerly/I know a bird of prey from a handsaw (2.2.145-146). In the wake of knowing about a troupe of players coming into town, Hamlet enrolls the gathering to play out a play wherein an old ruler is killed on account of his sibling. Sick have the players/play something like the homicide of my dad/before mine uncle: Ill watch his looks:The soul that I have seen/May be the fiend; Hamlet is extra cautious not judge Claudius too early, so he enrolls Horatio to watch Claudius from an alternate vantage point to survey the lords blame. After the play is done and Horatio confirms the response that the ruler worked out as expected, Hamlet goes looking for Claudius to deliver is his retribution. He discovers Claudius in supplication. The main thing that was keeping Hamlet down was the Claudius may go to paradise in the event that he murdered him while in supplication. Hamlet needs Claudius soul to endure the outcomes of his activities (3.3.74-97). One may inquire as to why didnt Hamlet take that helpful second to vindicate his dad and kill his killer. He could have asserted craziness in his pain. Hamlet left Claudius there and went to discover his mom and go up against her. Obviously, he was debilitated with sadness and outrage and required her to listen to him. At the point when he got to her room, she feared him and got out for help. Hamlet saw the structure behind the window ornament, and expected it was Claudius and continued to cut him. Hamlet indicated no regret since he felt that he was legitimized in murdering the rulers rodent. The ruler at that point requested Guildenstern and Rosencrantz to remove Hamlet to England where he had solicited the King from England to guillotine him. Hamlet got wind of the news and his late dads seal to

A View from a Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

A View from a Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay There are a few elements which lead to Eddies possible decrease. The principle ones were things like the impact of the general public, impact of the individuals around him and at last himself featuring his reluctance to arrange and his exorbitantly cozy relationship with Catherine. Almost all the characters in the story were liable for Eddies inevitable defeat. In page 39, Catherine says: You wanna move Rodolfo? Now Eddie freezes in evident dissatisfaction. Rodolfo faculties that Eddie is miserable about her hitting the dance floor with him so Rodolfo answers: No, I-Im tired in safeguard to Eddie. Beatrice compounds the situation by saying: Go ahead, move, Rodolfo. Eddie especially didnt like the reality the Catherine had put on high heels in the house, just to establish a decent connection with a youngster (Rodolfo) before the moving episode. Eddie says: Whats the high heels for Garbo? Alfieri is additionally to fault for the demise of Eddie. In page 58-59, Alfieri and Marco have a protracted discussion. Assume control over Alfieri didnt succeed. Alfieri says: Im pausing, Marco, what do you say? at that point further onwards Rodolfo says: Marco, tell the man Marco answers: He realizes such a guarantee is despicable Marco obviously has pride for himself which he feels that he could lose. Alfieri then guarantees that Marco won't hurt Eddie in the interest of him however this guarantee was ostensibly unbound. Whirlpools endeavor to consistently be the man of the house was a factor prompting his breakdown. Swirls Sicilian foundation entomb joins with his 1950s thoughts of masculinity since it implied that he must be masculine and be the person who heads out to work. Eddie demonstrates his masculinity when he begins to be serious with Marco and Rodolfo for example when he begins to train him Boxing. Eddie says: very much please , Ill show you and afterward when Marco showed Eddie that he could get a seat with one hand, Eddie looked cantankerous in light of the fact that he couldnt do it, he had a feeling that he was beaten. Numerous individuals admire Eddie and he knows it which is a reason to his ruin. In page 25 Louis says: Believe me, Eddie; you got a lotta credit comin to you. Vortexes neighborhood rouses him a great deal since he is so worried about his regard in the local he overlooks what he is doing to the individuals near him. This is indicated when at the last scene he continued requesting regard. Eddie says: wipin the area with my name like messy cloth ; I need my name back Marco , now gimme my name and we go together to the wedding. Because of this Eddie kicked the bucket.

Sustainability Education Provides a Reason to Hope COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Sustainability Education Provides a Reason to Hope COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA Professor Steve Cohen recently authored a piece which appeared in the Huffington Post. The full article is here and a short excerpt is below.   You can also find an interview with Professor Cohen concerning our Energy and Environmental Studies program by clicking here. While oil continues to ooze into the Gulf of Mexico and the climate bill remains stalled in the Senate, I might be delusional, but I am feeling optimistic about our planets prospects. It helps to work at a university, and it especially helps to participate in graduation ceremonies like the ones I attended here at Columbia this past week. While this years job market remains tough for our graduates, it is not nearly as horrific as the market faced by the class of 2009. The energy and idealism of our graduates is infectious and should be a source of hope for everyone.

Managing Up Managing Your Boss, Know Yourself, And...

Introduction The concept of managing up, even in its most basic form, can be a complex task especially when many supervisors may be younger than those they manage. Managing up is making a conscious effort to work with your supervisor to obtain the best possible outcome for you, your supervisor, and the organization. The process of managing up includes three steps: know your boss, know yourself, and develop a plan of action. (Herman, 2008) J.J. Gabarro and John P. Kotter (1993) claim that the key to managing up is to remember that you are involved in a mutually dependent relationship between two fallible human beings, as stated in the article titled Managing Your Boss in the Harvard Business Review. The article explains that bosses may be more dependent on their employees to develop practical solutions to problems all the while striving to achieve the bosses’ goals, which in turn should align with the organization’s goals. (Gabarro/Kotter, 1993) In an economic enviro nment where organizations are being downsized and flattened because of industry consolidation and computerization, the benefits of managing up are endless. Managing up and across an organization allows for greater intradepartmental teamwork, cooperation and collaboration on projects, especially when managers are continually asked to do more with less. Most importantly, managing up builds greater trust between the employee and his or her supervisor, expands the employee’s autonomy within theShow MoreRelatedThomas Green: Power, Office Politics and a Career in Crisis Essay2404 Words   |  10 Pagesto the bureaucracy at this level of management. When it comes to work style he is meticulous in details and requires that recommendations and strategies be justified using hard data.    He prefers to stay in a positive mindset in order to keep moral up.   Davis pays much attention to the office politics, strong efforts and enthusiasm of the employee. Davis is more of the initiat ing structure, which is proven to increase job performance. Davis expected to be treated like a veteran employee who has gainedRead MoreKnowledge Management and People7149 Words   |  29 Pages » MANAGING YOURSELF BEST OF HBR 1999 We live in an age of unprecedented opportunity: If you ve got ambition and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession, regardless of where you started out. But with opportunity comes responsibility. Companies today aren t managing their employees careers; knowledge workers must, effectively, be their own chief executive officers. It s up to you to carve out your place, to know when to change course, and to keep yourself engaged andRead MoreTime Management1849 Words   |  8 PagesRational on my first action plan was: I have poor attitudes towards managing time, such as managing time to study. Developing effective study habits is important as they will help me to use my study time more productively and will also help to handle stress. Therefore, learning some effective memory techniques, developing a good support network and working with other class members will enhance our study habits (Anthony, 2012). So it is important for me to make an action plan about time managementRead MoreLearning from Your Boss1284 Words   |  6 PagesLearning From your Boss I had the opportunity to work with a company for twenty eight years so I went through multiple management/Leadership. The lessons about management/leadership that I learned from my manager are the following: †¢ Goal Setting - Setting goals is a very important first step on the path to becoming a more effective leader. While managers surely set goals and work to achieve those goals, leaders operationalize goals through teamwork. Accomplishing goals becomes more than aRead MoreQuestions On Conflict Management On The Workplace1454 Words   |  6 Pagesof workplace conflict such as conflicts between the boss, peer conflict, and conflict between managers and teammates. In every one of these cases, leaders need to consider two essential inquiries. How essential is the issue? Also, how essential is this relationship? Your answer will decide if to give it a chance to slide or attempt to determine it (Fox, 2015). Fox also breaks down each type: 1.) Conflict with the boss- The association with your supervisor is clearly critical for completing work andRead MoreFirst, Lets fire all Managers2632 Words   |  11 Pagesthan that of hierarchal management style by giving the example of one of the world’s largest tomato processor company â€Å"Morning Star Company† which follows the road to Self- Management i.e. believes in having the organization with no managers. Managing its resources has become an expensive job. 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Dictionary gives us a little bit different definition of the verb ‘manage’ from what we have on practice. In dictionary the main concern of manager is with organizing other workers and making decisions about how a business or department is run. But in practice this will mean that the manager usually tell other people what to do rather that doing it himself. When you are climbing the career ladder you have to already haveRead MoreAdvantages of Mbo1917 Words   |  8 Pages | |The elaborate written goals, careful communication of goals, and detailed performance evaluation| |required in an MBO program increase the volume of paperwork in an organization. | |Managing for Results: The Eight Perceptions | |Results come from exploiting opportunities, not solving problems... | |Managerial Communication Read MoreCharacteristics That Define Entrepreneurial Leadership1308 Words   |  5 Pages To begin any analysis of business leadership, it is important to analyze the characteristics that exist for leaders of traditional profit-driven organizations. One great example is Jack Welch. Welch embodied a football coach mentality based on managing. He often sought to influence employees to work effectively and efficiently through a less formal style via relaxed meeting and get-togethers. This approach allowed the employees to feel invested in both the company and to become loyal to him individually

The Human Resource Function Of International Organizations

Introduction Globalization has increased significantly due to a number of different reasons. With more businesses operating on foreign soil, the issue of cultural differences and its effect on recruiting the right resources to achieve a multinational corporation’s overall strategy is a key consideration for companies. The role of the Human Resource function in international organizations regarding their human capital strategy in these global environments is a critical element for multinational corporations to evaluate and leverage. This research study will focus on understanding if outsource human resource providers can recruit the right employees with the cultural fit and skill set needed in multiple markets at a lower cost for all areas of a multinational corporation’s operation and at any level of the organization’s maturity. Additional research needs to be performed in order to draw a conclusion on this issue. Literature Review Global Awareness With the increase of activity in the global market, organizations need to have an appreciation of how to operate effectively in this environment. â€Å"To be globally aware is to have (1) tolerance of cultural differences and knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, and global economic, social and political trends† (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013, p. 18). The human resource function needs to be particularly sensitive to this when it comes to recruiting talent in various markets. Without understanding the culturalShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Strategy : A Review992 Words   |  4 Pages Human Resource Strategy: A Review of the Literature Alyise Johnson University of Maryland University College April 27, 2015 Introduction Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that fosters innovation, flexibility and competitive advantages. It is an approach to the development and implementationRead MoreHuman Resource Management On A Global Scale1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthe value of Human Resource Management on a global scale. Human Resources Management is a valuable asset to many organizations around the world. There are several factors that come into play when considering the functions of business on a worldwide scale. 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Previously, the administrative human resource focused primary on clerical administration aspect of a business such as processing information, recordkeeping which included essentialRead MoreOrganizational Structure991 Words   |  4 PagesSpearheading the organization is Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mike Duke. The CEO is responsible for overseeing many departments including corporate affairs, human-resources, and international affairs just to name a few. All sectors that the CEO oversees are; ASDA Stores, the United Kingdom counterpart to Walmart; global e-commerce; finance; information technology; corporate affairs; legal; merchandise, and replenishment; global customer insights; human resources; sourcing; international; Sam’s Club;Read MoreHuman Resource Management And Significant Difference Between Administrative And Strategic Functions Of Hr1382 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management has evolved a great deal since its beginnings. It began as primarily clerical operation in large companies concerned with payroll and employee record. This paper will discuss the evolution of human resource management and the significant difference between administrative and strategic functions of HR. The evolution of human resource management and the significant difference between the two types of HR Human Resource Management (HRM) has evolved from many terms and functionsRead MoreThe Elements Of Globalization And Their Impact On Hr Functions1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elements of Globalization and Their Impact on HR Functions For businesses to compete in a global society, they need to integrate their current business structure into a more diverse culture. Since corporations are putting a stronger emphasis on diversity to stay competitive; globalization has impacted how these companies are managing its workforce. 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Bikini Marshall Islands Free Essays

Kali Jerman Human Geography Art Marshall 15 December 2007 Marshall Islands: The Bikini Atoll The Marshall Islands are composed of twenty nine atolls and five islands. An atoll is a circular or oval shaped coal reef islands that encircle a shallow lagoon. It is located in the Pacific Ocean and is part of Micronesia (McGinley). We will write a custom essay sample on Bikini Marshall Islands or any similar topic only for you Order Now First discovered by Spanish in the 1600’s, the islands were mostly used for its natural resources, particularly copra oil found in coconuts. Despite these trade connections, the native Bikinians remained very isolated and did not maintain contact with the Spanish.Their lives were extremely interwoven and their social structure was tight knit. They had integrated extended families and complex traditions passed down from generation to generation. In the early 1900’s the Japanese began to govern Bikini. During World War II the Japanese were afraid of American invasion of the Marshall Islands. Therefore a watchtower was constructed on Bikini to guard against the Americans and it also served as an outpost for Japanese military headquarters who were stationed in the Kwajalein Atoll. In early 1944, the Americans captured Kwajelein, and overtook Japanese control of the Marshall Islands (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). After WWII, American president Harry Truman issued a statement declaring that American warships, equipment, and material were in need of testing to determine the effects of nuclear substances. Because of Bikini Island’s isolation, it was chosen as the nuclear testing ground. In February 1946 Commodore Ben Wyatt, the military governor of the Marshall, traveled to Bikini to discuss temporary relocation with the 167 Bikinians.King Juda, leader of the Bikinians, reluctantly agreed. The Bikinians were relocated 125 miles east to Ronjerik Atoll. Ronjerik was uninhibited at the time because it is one sixth the size of Bikini, and believed to be unlivable. Upon arrival the United States gave the Bikinian food stores for several months, however the fish proved to be inedible, and the trees did not produce enough fruit to live on. The Bikinians struggles to survive in their new environment with such a low amount of sustenance (Niedenthal). Operation Crossroads was the first set of tests to take place. It consisted of two detonations, each 21 kilotons.The first was ABLE detonated on July 1, 1946, and the second was BAKER, detonated July 25. A third CHARLIE, was canceled shortly after BAKER produced more radiation than expected (U. S. Defense Nuclear Agency). The State of malnutrition was worsening on Ronjerik Island and after a United States health official visited the island, it was declared an insufficient food source to withstand a population. The Bikinians were set to be relocated again to Ujelang Atoll, which is a western Marshall island. However shortly before their move, Enewetak Atoll was selected as a second nuclear testing site.The inhabitants of this island, the Enewetaks, were slated to be moved to Ujelang instead of the Bikinians. The Bikinians were forced to remain on Ronjerik. Food supplies were provided to the people for the remainder of their time on the island (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). After nearly two years of living on Ronjerik, the Bikinians were finally relocated to the Kwajalein Atoll. This move was temporary until the land on Kili Island could be cleared and housing could be built. After six months, Kili Island was prepared for inhabitance.The Bikinians settled on Kili but found the same problems as was on Ronjerik. Food supplies were low and fishing was impossible. Rations and emergency food drops were the only way the Bikinians could survive on their new island (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). While the Bikinians were settling on Kili Island, The United States was planning the detonation of a hydrogen bomb. A 10. 4 megaton bomb, BRAVO, was detonated on November 1, 1952 at Enewatak. The bomb vaporized an entire island, and left a crater 175 feet deep.The fallout from this hydrogen bomb far exceeded the expectations of scientists. ON nearby Rongelap, inhabitants were coated in white fallout ash, and a two inch coating covered the land and water. Soon radioactive elemental exposure was seen in the people. They became violently ill and lost their hair. They were taken to Kwajaleip for medical treatment by the United Sates and relocated to Ejit Island. Long term effects of radiation are still a serious concern for all who were exposed to radioactive fallout (Hamilton). On Bikini the radiation levels dramatically increased after BRAVO.The island was considered off limits until 1967, when the United States began considering moving the Bikinis back to their original home. Considerable testing was conducted in order to get an accurate reading of current radioactivity and it was determined the exposure present did not pose a significant health threat. Beginning in 1969, radioactive land and debris were cleared from Bikini, crops and vegetation were replanted, and housing was established over the course of eight years. During this time approximately 100 Bikinians moved to Bikini. The remainder of the population refused to move back to there homeland in fear of high radiation levels (Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement). In April 1978, medical examinations of the Bikinians living on Bikini showed there radiation levels to have increased 11 times that of when they first moved, and that the levels were much higher than the maximum allowable levels in the United States. The people of Bikini were to be immediately removed from the island once again. Bikini remains uninhabited by natives to this day (â€Å"Blunder on Bikini Island†).The United States is currently responsible for paying reparations for the destruction of numerous islands in the Marshall Islands area totaling 94 million dollars. These funds include providing foot, administering medical services, cleanup of various contaminated islands, and construction and resettlement projects for natives. However this has been occurring for many years and is nowhere near complete. The Bikinians are in favor of a 15 inch soil removal to ensure their safety, however scientists believe this would cause the island to become a windswept wasteland.Scientists prefer the method of spreading potassium on the topsoil which prevents the uptake of radioactive materials into plants. The Bikinians are not convinced however and a plan has yet to be made. Tentatively an agreement may be reached upon the basis of clearing the soil of the living region and spreading potassium on the uninhabited region (Niedenthal). The future of the Bikinians and their homeland is still uncertain. What we do know is that the Bikinians were wrongfully subject to the powers colonization which ultimately led to the destruction and demise of many of their native regions.In this region, government intervention has not been positive but has only had a negative impact on the culture, environment, and general well being of this group of people. The welfare of a group of people was completely disregarded and the world continues to feel the repercussions of the nuclear bomb testing in the Marshall Islands.Works Cited â€Å"Blunder on Bikini Island†. Time Magazine April 3, 1978. New York, New York. Dec. 14, 2007. Hamilton, Terry. â€Å"Radiological Conditions on Rongelap Atoll: Perspective on Resettlement of Rongelap Island†. Feb. 2003. 14 Dec. 2007. McGinley, Mark, J. Emmett Duffy. â€Å"Atoll. † In Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland Washington, D. C. : Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. Encyclopedia of Earth March 7, 2007. December 16, 2007 Niedenthal, Jack. Homepage. Bikini Atoll. United States. 14 Dec. 2007. â€Å"Radiological Conditions at Bikini Atoll and the Prospects of Resettlement†. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria 2003. Dec. 14, 2007. U. S. Defense Nuclear Agency. â€Å"Operation Crossroads, 1946†. Washington: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1984. Dec 14, 2007. How to cite Bikini Marshall Islands, Papers

Purchasing A Small Business Essays (2831 words) - Corporate Finance

Purchasing A Small Business Purchasing a Small Business Financial Management for the Small Business Purchasing a Small Business Outline I. Deciding to buy A. Why buy a small business? B. Starting out-the nine steps C. Initial details to consider 1. Are partners needed? 2. Economic factors 3. Is the location acceptable? 4. Tax strategy II. Where to start A. How much income is needed? B. The Thirteen Steps to acquiring a business III. Locating a potential purchase A. The Acquisition Plan B. Beginning the search-who can help? III. Negotiating a purchase price A. Valuation of a small business 1. Why do a valuation? 2. Choosing the method that is best for your situation 3. Some different methods of valuing a business a. Ability-To-Pay Method b. Discounted Cash Flow Method c. Excess Earnings Method B. Calculating goodwill C. Setting the purchase price D. The letter of intent IV. Finding the initial capital A. Sources of financing 1. Traditional sources 2. Nontraditional sources B. Guaranteed loan programs V. Closing the deal 1. Get a lawyer 2. Audit review 3. The closing VI. The rewards of working for yourself The decision to purchase a business of your own is not an easy task. There are many things to consider before the final decision is made. First of all, exactly what do you want to accomplish? To make millions of dollars, right? Or is it to have the freedom of being your own boss? Whatever the reason, you must be sure that it is something that you are ready to devote an exorbitant amount of time and energy into and that it is something that you really want. Otherwise, you might be stuck doing something that you hate. If you are ready to commit then you must ask yourself just how far will that commitment extend. How much of your own time, energy, and money are you willing to sacrifice? After the decision is made, the acquisition of a small business can be summed-up into nine steps, in which most will be elaborated upon later. These are the nine steps to any business acquisition, regardless of its size or industry: 1. The search, locating a business available for sale. 2. Identifying alternative candidates. 3. Valuing the business. 4. Negotiating a price and terms. 5. Investigating the company. 6. Preparing the business plan. 7. Sourcing the financing. 8. Preparing the closing documents. 9. Managing the transition period. (Tuller, 10) Some considerations that cannot be avoided when purchasing a small business include: the question of needing a partner, the current economic factors, considering alternate locations, and developing a tax strategy. When debating whether or not a partner is needed or wanted, you need to know if you're going to need additional equity as well as sharing the risk of failure. For these reasons, a partnership seems to be a great idea, but there are also many cons that should be recognized. Having too many partners can alter the ease of decision-making, shared liability can cause obvious problems, and sharing profits means less for you. Added to this, getting out of a partnership can be very difficult. Evaluating the current economic factors simply means to know what you are getting into. Be sure to have some knowledge about the business itself and it's market. Know how to make and sell the product efficiently and in a service industry, be sure to know the current and correct way things are done-sometimes they are not one in the same. Location is key. Location of the target can be a major determinate in both the financing of the deal and probable success in managing the business after closing?There's no sense spending time, effort, and money on a target located in the wrong place. (Tuller, 12) Along with this, the personal strife of having to travel a great distance to get to work can be very frustrating. So, be sure that the location of your potential business is profitable in every way. One the greatest minds of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, once said, tax is the most difficult thing in the world to understand. Unfortunately, with the ever-changing laws, that problem gets worse every year. This means that you should have knowledge of the current tax laws. 'You will have a unique opportunity to make decisions on exactly how much money will change hands, and how I will allocated on the payment schedule.(Smorgenburg, 112) Maximizing profit for both you and the seller can only be done through proper knowledge of tax law, if you